容器、镜像、卷、网络和 Docker Compose 的基本 Docker 命令。
docker run -d IMAGE
docker run -d nginx
docker run -it IMAGE bash
docker run -it ubuntu bash
docker run --name NAME -p HOST:CTR IMAGE
docker run --name web -p 8080:80 nginx
docker run -e KEY=VALUE IMAGE
docker run -e NODE_ENV=production node:18 node app.js
docker run -v /host/path:/ctr/path IMAGE
docker run -v $(pwd)/data:/app/data myapp
docker run --rm IMAGE
docker run --rm alpine echo 'hello'
docker ps
docker ps
docker ps -a
docker ps -a
docker stop CONTAINER
docker stop web
docker start CONTAINER
docker start web
docker restart CONTAINER
docker restart web
docker rm CONTAINER
docker rm web
docker rm -f CONTAINER
docker rm -f web
docker exec -it CONTAINER bash
docker exec -it web bash
docker logs -f CONTAINER
docker logs -f web
docker inspect CONTAINER
docker inspect web
docker stats
docker stats
docker pull IMAGE:TAG
docker pull postgres:16
docker images
docker images
docker build -t NAME:TAG .
docker build -t myapp:latest .
docker build -f PATH/Dockerfile .
docker build -f docker/Dockerfile.prod -t myapp:prod .
docker tag SOURCE TARGET
docker tag myapp:latest registry.io/user/myapp:v1.0
docker push IMAGE
docker push registry.io/user/myapp:v1.0
docker rmi IMAGE
docker rmi myapp:latest
docker image prune
docker image prune
docker image prune -a
docker image prune -a
docker volume create NAME
docker volume create pgdata
docker volume ls
docker volume ls
docker volume inspect NAME
docker volume inspect pgdata
docker volume rm NAME
docker volume rm pgdata
docker run -v VOLUME:/ctr/path IMAGE
docker run -v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data postgres:16
docker network create NAME
docker network create mynet
docker network ls
docker network ls
docker network connect NET CONTAINER
docker network connect mynet web
docker run --network NET IMAGE
docker run --network mynet --name api myapp
docker network rm NAME
docker network rm mynet
docker compose up -d
docker compose up -d
docker compose down
docker compose down
docker compose down -v
docker compose down -v
docker compose ps
docker compose ps
docker compose logs -f SERVICE
docker compose logs -f api
docker compose exec SERVICE bash
docker compose exec api bash
docker compose build
docker compose build
docker compose pull
docker compose pull
docker compose restart SERVICE
docker compose restart api
docker compose -f FILE up -d
docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d
FROM BASE:TAG
FROM node:18-alpine
WORKDIR /path
WORKDIR /app
COPY src dest
COPY package*.json ./ COPY . .
RUN command
RUN npm ci --only=production
ENV KEY=VALUE
ENV NODE_ENV=production PORT=3000
ARG NAME=default
ARG APP_VERSION RUN echo $APP_VERSION
EXPOSE PORT
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["executable", "arg"]
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
ENTRYPOINT ["executable"]
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
VOLUME ["/data"]
VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"]
USER name
USER node
docker system prune
docker system prune
docker system prune -a
docker system prune -a
docker system df
docker system df
docker container prune
docker container prune
docker info
docker info
docker version
docker version
# Stage 1: build FROM node:18-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN npm ci COPY . . RUN npm run build # Stage 2: runtime FROM node:18-alpine AS runner WORKDIR /app ENV NODE_ENV=production COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules EXPOSE 3000 USER node CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"]
多阶段构建通过仅复制 生产构建产物。 USER node 指令避免以root身份运行，提高安全性。
services:
api:
build: .
ports:
- "3000:3000"
environment:
DATABASE_URL: postgres://user:pass@db:5432/mydb
depends_on:
db:
condition: service_healthy
db:
image: postgres:16-alpine
volumes:
- pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: pass
POSTGRES_DB: mydb
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U user"]
interval: 5s
retries: 5
volumes:
pgdata:docker run从镜像创建一个新容器并启动它。docker start重启现有的已停止容器。首次创建容器或需要新容器时使用docker run。当您想以其现有状态恢复之前停止的容器时，使用docker start。
使用docker system prune删除所有已停止的容器、悬挂镜像、未使用的网络和构建缓存。添加-a标志还可删除未使用的镜像。使用docker container prune仅针对容器，docker image prune仅针对镜像。
COPY只是将文件从构建上下文复制到镜像中。ADD做同样的事情，但还支持URL源和自动提取压缩档案（.tar、.tar.gz、.tar.bz2）。最佳实践：除非特别需要ADD的额外功能，否则使用COPY，因为COPY更透明。
使用Docker卷（docker volume create myvol，然后在docker run中用-v myvol:/data）进行Docker管理的持久命名存储。使用绑定挂载（-v /主机/路径:/容器/路径）挂载特定的主机目录。卷更适合生产环境，因为它们完全由Docker管理且可移植。